Le travail du dimanche En Marche
Pendant cette période de vacances, les articles de presse se multiplient pour promouvoir aux yeux de l’opinion les ouvertures des commerces le dimanche.
Dans notre exemple à Paris, mais pas seulement.
Cette obsession des ouvertures le dimanche n’est pas nouvelle.
Cela fait plus de 40 ans que les gros patrons du commerce militent pour ça, pour augmenter leurs parts de marché et pour absorber à terme les petits commerces et les artisans qui n’ont pas forcément les moyens d’ouvrir 7/7 jours et bientôt (c’est la suite), 24/24H.
Et les gros patrons peuvent compter sur les dirigeants qui se succèdent au gouvernement pour les aider à réaliser leur rêve.
Mais pas trop brutalement quand même.
Car pour détruire un acquis social de cette envergure – c’est en 1906 qu’est conquis de haute lutte le repos du dimanche – il faut y aller pas à pas.
Dès les années 1970, des grandes surfaces veulent ouvrir le dimanche. Et hop les dérogations au principe du repos dominical se multiplient au fil des ans comme des petits pains.
En 2009, la loi autorise encore de nouvelles dérogations en créant 607 zones touristiques et 20 périmètres d’usage de consommation exceptionnel (PUCE) installés à Paris, Lille et Marseille.
Et là, la loi crée une discrimination hallucinante : les salariés des PUCE ont des garanties sociales (comme d’être payés double le dimanche), mais pas les salariés des zones d’intérêt touristique qui font pourtant le même boulot ! Les dirigeants s’en foutent, les intérêts des patrons sont servis. Momentanément.
Quelques années plus tard, des enseignes de bricolage qui ouvraient illégalement tous les dimanches sont condamnées par la justice. Comme toujours dans ces cas-là, le pouvoir trouve la parade en changeant la loi au lieu de la faire respecter. Il autorise par décret l’ouverture définitive du dimanche pour les magasins de bricolage en 2014. Décret ensuite validé par le Conseil d’État.
L’effet domino est en marche. La même année, grosse pression des patrons des grands magasins pour ouvrir le dimanche. Le tout appuyé par le gouvernement en place et les médias aux ordres.
C’est là que notre ami Macron, qui était ministre de l’Économie, fait voter sa loi du 6 août 2015 «pour la croissance, l’activité et l’égalité des chances économiques».
Une loi qui offre sur un plateau de nouvelles dérogations au repos dominical en créant notamment des ZTI (zones touristiques internationales).
Mais, problème, il faut que les patrons signent un accord avec leurs syndicats.
Comme nous étions bien implantés dans les grands magasins, nous sommes entrés en guerre. Et ce fut le début de gros ennuis pour nous qui, à l’époque, étions affiliés à la CFDT (eh oui c’est dingue).
En effet, nous étions et sommes toujours, totalement et fermement opposés au travail du dimanche. Mais pas la CFDT qui appuie le gouvernement et sert les intérêts des gros patrons.
Pour soulager les patrons donc, la CFDT nous a mis sous tutelle pour prendre le contrôle du syndicat et nos militants, qui – jamais au grand jamais – n’auraient signé des accords pour ouvrir le dimanche, ont été démandatés.
Si nous étions restés en place, les grands magasins ne seraient probablement pas ouverts le dimanche aujourd’hui …
Tout ceci démontre que les gros patrons, le gouvernement et certaines organisations syndicales travaillent main dans la main pour parvenir à généraliser le travail du dimanche.
En commençant par le secteur du commerce. Car ce n’est que le début, ne vous y trompez pas.
Comme le dit l’article du Canard, nous sommes co-fondateur et membre du CLIC P (Comité de Liaison Intersyndicale du Commerce de Paris) qui lutte contre les dérégulations du temps de travail : ouvertures du dimanche, de nuit et des jours fériés. Avec nos camarades de Sud Commerce, CGT commerce Paris et du SECI Unsa.
En près de 10 ans, cette intersyndicale historique par sa durée, a mené dans la rue et devant les tribunaux de nombreuses luttes. Et nous continuons aujourd’hui car le lobbying des patrons n’a jamais cessé. Il se renforce même aujourd’hui.
Il se renforce car des ZTI créées par Macron en 2015 ont été récemment annulées par le Tribunal administratif qui considère que ces zones ne sont, en réalité, pas vraiment touristiques…
C’est inacceptable pour les patrons qui sont obligés de rester fermés le dimanche. Alors, comme toujours, le pouvoir vient à la rescousse en voulant changer la loi.
L’exécutif projette de prendre des arrêtés préfectoraux, d’étendre les ZTI existantes, voire d’ouvrir les commerces les dimanches dans tout Paris ! Tous les moyens sont bons pour ouvrir le dimanche et l’intérêt général est sacrifié pour servir des intérêts privés.
Pourquoi ouvrir le dimanche est-il contraire à l’intérêt général ?
D’abord, parce qu’il est fondamental d’avoir au moins une journée de repos commune à tous dans notre société. Pour se retrouver en famille, entre amis, pour faire du sport, pour se cultiver, pour s’amuser, pour se reposer. Pour vivre quoi.
Dans le commerce, on travaille déjà très majoritairement le samedi, ce qui fait qu’on ne voit ni ses enfants, ni son conjoint, ni ses amis ce jour-là. On n’a pas de vie sociale comme les autres. C’est dur. Alors si en plus on doit travailler le dimanche, c’est l’abandon pur et simple, par exemple, de l’éducation de nos enfants. Avec tout ce que cela entraîne.
En plus, dans le commerce, on a déjà des horaires compliqués toute la semaine : horaires décalés, travail de nuit ou en soirée, semaines hautes, semaines basses, ça change tout le temps.
Alors le seul jour fixe qui reste pour avoir une vie familiale et personnelle, pour prévoir des trucs, c’est le dimanche. C’est vital pour recharger les batteries et maintenir les liens indispensables entre nous, les êtres humains qui vivons ensemble.
Économiquement, nous pensons que la généralisation du travail dominical dans le commerce est aussi une erreur. Parce que seules les grosses enseignes peuvent absorber le coût des ouvertures dominicales. Ce qui leur permettra de récupérer toutes les parts de marché. Et du coup, les petits commerces, les artisans qui – eux – n’ont pas les moyens d’ouvrir 7/7 jours, disparaitront.
C’est bien dommage car ce sont les petits patrons et les artisans qui créent les emplois de qualité et pérennes dans le temps. A l’inverse, les grosses enseignes qui ouvrent le dimanche créent des emplois précaires, non qualifiés et à temps partiel.
Vous allez nous dire : quand on travaille le dimanche, on est payé plus. Ça augmente donc notre pouvoir d’achat.
Oui, pour le moment.
Deux remarques à ce sujet. Primo, en tant que syndicat défendant les intérêts des salariés, nous revendiquons l’augmentation des salaires plutôt que l’augmentation des horaires. Si votre salaire vous permettait de vivre dignement et non de survivre, vous ne souhaiteriez peut-être pas aller bosser le dimanche.
Secundo, vous ne croyez quand même pas que les patrons vont maintenir les majorations de salaire du dimanche ad vitam æternam ?
Si ?
Notre point de vue, c’est que des contreparties alléchantes ont été mises sur la table des négociations pour que les «partenaires sociaux» signent les accords permettant d’ouvrir les dimanches. Une fois que c’est ouvert, c’est ouvert, les clients s’habituent et les entreprises ne reviendront pas en arrière.
Par contre, elles peuvent revenir sur les contreparties accordées aux salariés.
Parce que ça coûte cher d’ouvrir le dimanche. Donc les patrons, d’ici quelques années, voire quelques mois, reconvoqueront les «partenaires sociaux» pour leur dire : on n’y arrive plus là, la compétitivité de l’entreprise est en péril, soit on sacrifie des emplois, soit on revoit les majorations du dimanche. Par exemple.
Et le dimanche deviendra un jour normal de travail, sans majoration de salaire.
On nous oppose aussi que le dimanche, de toute façon, est travaillé uniquement si le salarié est volontaire. « Alors si on ne veut pas, on ne travaille pas le dimanche. Qu’on n’empêche pas ceux qui le veulent de travailler le dimanche. Liberté ! »
A ça, on peut répondre que dans « liberté de travailler », y’a comme une contradiction dans les termes. Mais c’est une question de point de vue.
On peut aussi répondre que si demain le dimanche devient un jour normal de travail sans majoration, quel est l’intérêt ?
Enfin, nous pensons que cette dictature de la consommation effrénée DOIT s’arrêter au moins une journée dans la semaine. C’est bon pour notre porte-monnaie, pour notre cerveau, pour notre entourage, pour l’environnement.
L’environnement justement. Aujourd’hui, tout le monde convient qu’il y a urgence à prendre des mesures pour réguler les activités humaines qui polluent tout : l’eau, l’air, la terre. On voit déjà les effets du changement climatiques. Allons-nous attendre que les espèces végétales, les espèces animales et, à terme, l’espèce humaine disparaissent faute d’habitat vivable ?
Nos dirigeants vont-ils un jour cesser de poser la croissance et la dictature du profit comme finalités à toute chose ?
Cela suffit, cette idéologie est totalement irresponsable. Des commerces ouverts 7/7 jours et bientôt 24/24H, c’est autant d’activités qui ne s’arrêtent JAMAIS.
Il est temps de remettre l’intérêt général au centre des décisions.
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